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Definitive proof of twin prime conjecture

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When we write log, we refer to natural logarithm. Let i, k, n and r be positive integers, p be a prime and pn be the nth prime. To begin with, we prove that there are at least three p+2 type integers N that satisfy pn<N<2pn when n5 holds. We suppose r is the number of N. According to the following Dusart's inequality
n(logn+loglogn1)<pn<n(logn+loglogn)
holds for n6, let f(n) be as below.
f(n)=2n(logn+loglogn1)((n+2)(log(n+2)+loglog(n+2))+2)
f(9)=2.27780067371110733430155271965419
f(10)=0.00935015299988545656167212393386
f(11)=2.40516122715988664631909754841655
f(12)=4.95069428318310030843435876234474
f(13)=7.61490398664676903251831055964017
It is confirmed that f(n)>0 holds for 11n13. f(n)>0 holds for n11 since the first term has a greater divergence velocity than the second term. The following inequalities hold for 5n10 where pn<pn+k+2 and pn+k+2<2pn (0k36) hold.
p5<13,15,19,21<2p5
p6<15,19,21,25<2p6
p7<19,21,25,31,33<2p7
p8<21,25,31,33<2p8
p9<25,31,33,39,43,45<2p9
p10<31,33,39,43,45,49,55<2p10
From the above, it is proved that r3 holds for n5.
We suppose n5 and r3 hold. Let M be an odd integer and the product of all the elements pn+2, pn+1+2, …, pn+r1+2. We suppose 0ir1 holds.
M=k=0r1(pn+k+2)
M2k=0,kir1(pn+k+2) (mod pn+i)
Let ai be a positive integer.
M=aipn+i+2k=0,kir1(pn+k+2)
i=0r1(Maipn+i)=2rMr1 (1)
Let si and ti be integers. We suppose the following equation and 0ti<pn+i hold.
2k=0,kir1(pn+k+2)=sipn+i+ti
2rMr1=i=0r1(sipn+i+ti) (2)
By the equation (1),
i=0r1(Maipn+i)=i=0r1(sipn+i+ti)
Mk=0,kir1(Makpn+k)tik=0,kir1(skpn+k+tk) (mod pn+i)
holds. Let bi be an integer.
Mk=0,kir1(Makpn+k)=bipn+i+tik=0,kir1(skpn+k+tk)
(sipn+i+ti)Mk=0,kir1(Makpn+k)=(sipn+i+ti)bipn+i+ti2rMr1
tiMk=0,kir1(Makpn+k)ti2rMr1 (mod pn+i)
(k=0,kir1(Makpn+k)2rMr2)tiM0 (mod pn+i) (3)
When ti0 (mod pn+i) holds, M0 (mod pn+i) must hold by the equation (2) since pn+i is odd. We assume that M0 (mod pn+i) holds for all i where 0ir1 holds after this. Let ci be a positive integer. We consider the following equation.
k=0,kir1(Makpn+k)=cipn+i+2rMr2 (4)
By the equation (1),
(Maipn+i)(cipn+i+2rMr2)=2rMr1
(Maipn+i)ci=ai2rMr2
(ciai2rMr3)M=aicipn+i
holds. Let di be a positive integer.
ci=dipn+i+ai2rMr3(5)
Comparing the equations (4) and (5), we find that the second term on the equation (5) is ai/M times the one on the equation (4). If M0 (mod pn+i) holds for all i, then it becomes a contradiction since ai/M is less than one and if this operation is repeated a finite number of times, then the terms will no longer be integers. Therefore, the assumption is false. When r3 holds, for at least one i, the equation (4) does not hold and M0 (mod pn+i) holds by the congruent expression (3).
When M0 (mod pn+i) holds for some i, one of the elements in M must be pn+i because 3pn+i>2pn holds and they cannot be three times or more multiples of pn+i. From the above, it is proved that there are an infinite number of twin prime numbers since at least one of the numbers pn+2, pn+1+2, …, pn+r1+2 must be a prime number pn+i when n5 and r3 hold and the sets of numbers between pn and 2pn, excluding pn and 2pn can be taken infinitely by increasing n. (Q.E.D.)

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投稿日:23
更新日:17日前
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