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Definitive proof of twin prime conjecture

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When we write log in this paper, we refer to natural logarithm. Let i, k, n and r be positive integers, p be a prime and pn be the nth prime. To begin with, we prove that there are at least three p+2 type integers N that satisfy pn<N<2pn when n5 holds. We consider that r is the number of N. According to the following Dusart’s inequality
n(log n+log(log n)1)<pn<n(log n+log(log n))
holds for n6, let f(n) be as below.
f(n)=2n(log n+log(log n)1)((n+2)(log(n+2)+log(log(n+2)))+2)
f(9)=2.27780067371110733430155271965419
f(10)=0.00935015299988545656167212393386
f(11)=2.40516122715988664631909754841655
f(12)=4.95069428318310030843435876234474
f(13)=7.61490398664676903251831055964017
It is confirmed that f(n)>0 holds for 11n13. f(n)>0 holds for n11 since the first term has a greater divergence velocity than the second term. The following inequalities hold for 5n10 where pn<pn+k+2 and pn+k+2<2pn(0k36) hold.
p5<13,15,19,21<2p5
p6<15,19,21,25<2p6
p7<19,21,25,31,33<2p7
p8<21,25,31,33<2p8
p9<25,31,33,39,43,45<2p9
p10<31,33,39,43,45,49,55<2p10
From the above, it is proved that r3 holds for n5.
We regard n5 and r3 hold. Let M be an odd integer and the product of the elements pn+2, pn+1+2, …, pn+r1+2. We take account of 0ir1 holds.
M=k=0r1(pn+k+2)
M2k=0,kir1(pn+k+2) (mod pn+i)
Let ai be a positive integer.
M=aipn+i+2k=0,kir1(pn+k+2)
i=0r1(Maipn+i)=2rMr1 (1)
Mk=0,kir1(Makpn+k)2rMr1 (mod pn+i)
(k=0,kir1(Makpn+k)2rMr2)M0 (mod pn+i)
We assume that M0 (mod pn+i) holds for all i where 0ir1 holds after this. Let bi be a positive integer. We consider the following equation.
k=0,kir1(Makpn+k)=bipn+i+2rMr2 (2)
By the equation (1),
(Maipn+i)(bipn+i+2rMr2)=2rMr1
(Maipn+i)bi=ai2rMr2
(biai2rMr3)M=aibipn+i
holds. Let ci be a positive integer.
bi=cipn+i+ai2rMr3 (3)
Comparing the equations (2) and (3), we find that the second term on the equation (3) is ai/M times the one on the equation (2). If M0 (mod pn+i) holds for all i, then it becomes a contradiction since ai/M is less than one and if this operation is repeated a finite number of times, then the terms will no longer be integers. Hence, the assumption is false. When r3 holds, M0 (mod pn+i) holds for at least one i.
When M0 (mod pn+i) holds for some i, one of the elements in M must be pn+i because 3pn+i>2pn holds and they cannot be three times or more odd multiples of pn+i. From the above, it is proved that there are an infinite number of twin prime numbers since at least one of the numbers pn+2, pn+1+2, …, pn+r1+2 must be a prime number when n5 and r3 hold and the sets of numbers between pn and 2pn can be taken infinitely by increasing n. (Q.E.D.)

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投稿日:2月3日
更新日:8日前
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