When is an odd prime
Let , , and be positive integers and is a prime factor of . Let be an odd prime. We suppose , and are each prime to one another and holds. We consider the following equation.
Since and hold,
holds. The value on the right side is not since and are relatively prime and holds. Let and be integers. We suppose and hold since is not a multiple of .
Therefore, holds since is an integer. Then, it becomes a contradiction since holds. From the above, there are no integer solutions to the equation (1) for , and . (Q.E.D.)
When holds
Let , , and be positive integers and is a prime factor of . We suppose , and are each prime to one another and is even and and are odd since there are no integer solutions to this equation when is even. We consider the following equation.
Since and hold,
holds. The value on the right side is not since and do not have common prime factors and is odd. Let and be integers. We suppose and hold since is not divisible by .
Hence, holds since is an integer. And this is not proper since holds. From the above, there are no integer solutions to the equation (2) for , and . (Q.E.D.)
Conclusion
By the proof when is an odd prime and when is as above, when holds, does not have an integer solution for , and .