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Another proof of Fermat's Last Theorem

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Let n, x, y and z be positive integers. Fermat's Last Theorem states that there are no solutions of the following equations for n3.
xn+yn=zn (1)
If two variables of x, y and z have a same prime as factor, then a rest of those must include the prime. Therefore, we suppose these variables do not have a same prime factor and there is no loss of generality in this way. We will consider below by dividing the cases depending on whether n is an odd prime, 4 or some other value.
Ⅰ. When n is an odd prime
Let a be a positive integer. We suppose z0 (mod n) holds and there is no loss of generality in making this supposition. We suppose the following equation holds.
zn=(x+y)a
We will consider as follows by dividing the cases according to whether zn/a is divisible by z or not.
ⅰ. When zn/a is a multiple of z
Let b and z be positive integers and z is a prime factor of x+y. We suppose the following equation holds.
zn/a=x+y=bz (2)
Since a=i=0n1xn1i(y)i holds,
zn/(x+y)nxn1 (mod z)
holds. The value on the right side is not 0 since x and z are relatively prime and z0 (mod n) holds. Therefore, a and x+y have no common prime factors. By the equation (2),
(x+y)a=((x+y)/b)n
abn=(x+y)n1
holds. Let c be a positive integer. Since a and x+y are prime to each other,
bn=(x+y)n1c
holds. Thus, a=1 holds since ac=1 holds. By the equations (1) and (2), xn+yn=x+y holds. The positive solutions are x=1 and y=1 when n3 holds. Then, z is not an integer since zn=2 holds.

ⅱ. When zn/a is not a multiple of z
Let d, e and a be integers and a is a prime factor of a. In the case ⅱ, there is at least one prime factor a where zn/a0 (mod a) holds. In this instance, x+y does not have a prime a as a factor. By the way, we suppose zn/a=dz+e and e0 (mod z) hold.
zn=(dz+e)a
a0 (mod z)
Hence, x+y=1 holds since x+y does not have any prime factors of a. In this case, the equation (1) has no positive integer solutions.

Ⅱ. When n is 4
We suppose x is even and y and z are odd since there are no integer solutions to the equation (1) when z is even. Let f be a positive integer. We suppose the following equation holds.
y4=(x+z)f
We will consider as follows by dividing the cases according to whether y4/f is divisible by y or not.
ⅰ. When y4/f is a multiple of y
Let g and y be positive integers. We suppose the following equation holds.
y4/f=x+z=gy (3)
Since f=i=03x3i(z)i holds,
z4/(x+z)4x3 (mod y)
holds. The value on the right side is not 0 since x and y are relatively prime and y is odd. Therefore, f and x+z have no common prime factors. By the equation (2),
(x+z)f=((x+z)/g)4
fg4=(x+z)3
holds. Let h be a positive integer. Since f and x+z are prime to each other,
g4=(x+z)3h
holds. Thereby, f=1 holds since fh=1 holds. By the equations (1) and (3),
z4x4=x+z
(x2+z2)(zx)=1
holds. In order for this equation to have integer solutions, x2+z2=1 and zx=1 must hold. The integer solutions are (x,z)=(0,1),(1,0). Therefore, the equation (1) does not have a positive solution.

ⅱ. When y4/f is not a multiple of y
Let j, k and f be integers and f is a prime factor of f. In the case ⅱ, y4/f0 (mod f) holds for at least one prime factor f. And x+z does not have a prime f as a factor. On the other hand, we suppose y4/f=jy+k and k0 (mod y) hold.
y4=(jy+k)f
f0 (mod y)
Hence, x+z=1 holds since x+z has no prime factors of f and the equation (1) has no positive integer solutions.

Ⅲ. When n is not an odd prime and n6 holds.
We will take account of two cases depending on the order as follows.
ⅰ. When the order includes an odd prime
Let pi be an odd prime and qi and r be positive integers. Let l, m, x, y and z be positive integers and m=i=1rpiqi×2l holds. We suppose the following equation holds when the order is m.
(xm/pi)pi+(ym/pi)pi=(zm/pi)pi
However, there are no positive integer solutions to this equation since this is the equation (1) when x=xm/pi, y=ym/pi, z=zm/pi and n=pi hold.

ⅱ. When the order does not include an odd prime
In this instance, we use the fact that there is no integer solution when n=4 holds, which was proven by Fermat. Let s be an integer and s3 holds. Let x, y and z be positive integers. We suppose the following equation holds when the order is 2s.
(x2s2)4+(y2s2)4=(z2s2)4
Though, no positive integer solutions exist to this equation since this is the equation (1) when x=x2s2, y=y2s2, z=z2s2 and n=4 hold.

From the above, it is proved that Fermat's Last Theorem is true. (Q.E.D.)

投稿日:2024323
更新日:20241216
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