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Short proof of Fermat's Last Theorem

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Ⅰ. When n is an odd prime
Let n be an odd prime, x and z be odd integers and y be a non-zero even integer. We suppose x, y and z do not include a same prime and n3 holds.
xn+yn=zn ...(1)
Let m be an even integer. We suppose z=x+m holds.
yn=(x+m)nxn ...(2)
yn0 (mod m)
Let a be an integer.
yn=am ...(3)
By the equation (1) and Fermat's little theorem,
x+yz (mod n)
ym (mod n)
holds. Let b be in integer.
y=bn+m ...(4)

Dividing the equation (2) by mn, we obtain the following equation.
a/mn1=(x/m+1)n(x/m)n
Let c be an integer and d be a rational number and 0<d<1 holds.
c=[x/m]
d=x/mc
a/mn1=(c+1+d)n(c+d)n
If m and x have a same prime as a factor, then y includes the prime and it is inconsistent with the condition that x and y are relatively prime. Let m be an integer and m is one of m's prime factors. Let e be an integer and e0 (mod m) holds. We suppose two equations as below.
x=cm+e
e/m=d
By the equations (2),
am=(cm+e+m)n(cm+e)n
a=i=1n((cm+e+m)ni(cm+e)i1)
anen1 (mod m) ...(5)
holds.
ⅰ. When a0 (mod m) holds for all m
In this case, n0 (mod m) for all m and n is a multiple of rad(m). However, it becomes a contradiction since n is an even contrary to the definition of n.

ⅱ. When a0 (mod m) holds for some m
By the congruent expression (5), n0 (mod m) holds in this case. Let B(m) and M(m) be integers and these are the numbers of prime factor m in b and m respectively. If B(m)>0 holds, then the number of prime factor m in y is Min(B(m), M(m)) by the equation (4). At this time, the number in yn is Min(B(m), M(m))×n and equals to M(m). It becomes inconsistent when n3 holds. Therefore, b0 (mod m) must hold. By the equations (3) and (4),
(bn+m)n=am
bn0 (mod m)
holds. However, it becomes a contradiction since b0 (mod m) and n0 (mod m) must hold.
From the above, Fermat's Last Theorem is true in the case Ⅰ. When x and y are odd integers and z is an even, it can be proven by changing the definitions of y and z mutually and by converting variables from y to z and z to y when n is an odd. If n is an even, converting odd n to even.

Ⅱ. When n is an even and n6 holds
We take account of two cases depending on the order as follows.
ⅰ. When the order includes an odd prime
Let f, f and g be positive integers. We suppose f is an odd, f3 holds and f is one of f's prime factors. Let X, Y and Z be integers. We suppose the following equation holds when the order is f2g.
(Xf×2g/f)f+(Yf×2g/f)f=(Zf×2g/f)f
However, there are no non-zero solutions to this equation since this is the equation (1) when x=Xf×2g/f, y=Yf×2g/f, z=Zf×2g/f and n=f hold.

ⅱ. When the order does not include an odd prime
We consider this case by reducing it to the case n=4 as proven by Fermat. Let h be an integer and h3 holds. Let X, Y and Z be integers. We suppose the following equation holds when the order is 2h.
(X2h2)4+(Y2h2)4=(Z2h2)4
Though, no non-zero solutions exist to this equation since this is the equation (1) when x=X2h2, y=Y2h2, z=Z2h2 and n=4 hold.
Therefore, there are no non-zero solutions to the equation (1) in the case Ⅱ.
From the above, it is proved that Fermat's Last Theorem is true. (Q.E.D.)

投稿日:20231110
更新日:202415
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